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  The Middle East and North African (MENA) region is one of the most water-stressed regions in the world . Situated in the heart of the MENA, Israel and Palestine face issues of prolonged drought, pollution, and unequal distribution of water resources. Within this ecological context, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict adds an additional layer of complexity.  Israel and Palestine’s freshwater sources consist of coastal rivers, lakes, aquifers, and the Jordan River, which originates on Mount Hermon, flows along Israel and the West Bank’s border with Jordan, until it is ultimately deposited in the Dead Sea.  The Jordan River’s water is shared by four riparians : Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. Although the Jordan River runs along the West Bank, the Palestinians are currently denied access to its water resources. The Mountain Aquifer  is the largest groundwater reservoir in the region. The Mountain Aquifer’s recharge area lies in the West Bank, making the Palestinians ...

After 1765, becoming the Diwan the Company (and later the Crown) continually struggled with the three related problems: (i) A lack of understanding of existing institutional arrangements, (ii) Limited administrative capacity, and (iii) Especially after the “Mutiny” of 1857, concerns with political stability. East India Company encouraged the investment in land to improve the agriculture. The key event in this process, was the proclamation of the “Permanent Settlement” of 1793.  By the terms of the settlement, the rajas and taluqdars were recognized as zamindars. The zamindars were a diverse group. Some who had enormous estates, military capacity, and judicial and administrative responsibilities might well be called (Bose 1993, p. 70) “feudatory chiefs. ” The zamindars were , only the first tier in the agrarian hierarchy. They were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company. The amount to be paid was fixed permanently, that is, it was not to be increased ...

China’s Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), which mimics the energy generation process of the sun, set a new record after it ran at 216 million degrees Fahrenheit (120 million degrees Celsius) for 101 seconds, according to state media.  For another 20 seconds, the “artificial sun” also achieved a peak temperature of 288 million degrees Fahrenheit (160 million degrees Celsius), which is over ten times hotter than the sun.  The latest feat by Chinese scientists is a significant step in the quest to unlock clean and limitless energy, with minimal waste products . But experts say there is still a long way to go for China’s experimental ‘artificial sun’. According to Lin Boquiang, the director of the China Center for Energy Economics Research at Xiamen University, it will take decades for a working reactor to emerge from its experimental stages.  Full article is available on  https://upsconline.com/artificial-sun/