www.upsconline.com

History derives its focus from the concept of space. So, history is regarded as the history of humankind & the environment. Reciprocal exchange between humans and nature began early, where each influenced the other. The uneven pattern of cultural growth & the differential configuration of historical forces in the different regions were greatly influenced by geography.  This can be demonstrated through some example like, in the second half of the third millennium BCE , Mesolithic culture was prevalent in Gujarat and at the same time Neolithic pastorals were traversing the landscape of the Deccan.   While the mature, advanced Harappan civilization co-existed with these cultures and regions at different levels of growth.   The Indus & Saraswati basins were colonized in the third millennium BCE. The first agricultural communities of the Deccan, Andhra, Tamil Nadu, Odisha and Gujarat belong essentially to the Iron Age, and can be placed in the second half of ...

The Harappans, script is still a mystery, because it is still undeciphered. So far the other forgotten scripts like those of ancient Egypt could be deciphered because scholars found some inscriptions written in the forgotten script followed by some of its forms in a known script.  We have not discovered any bilingual inscription in Harappa so far. Moreover, the inscriptions discovered so far are short, usually engraved on seals.  But they used ideograms and wrote from right to left. However, scholars are still struggling to unveil the mystery of the script.  The script did not change all through the life of the Harappan Civilization. All the other ancient scripts have showed distinct changes over a period of time. This indicates that the Harappan script was not in common use.  Perhaps a very small section of privileged scribes had a monopoly over the written word. About what they learnt & how they learnt, we have no answers. Whether they had some kind of school f...