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The Forest, Environment & Climate Change Department of Jharkhand, mentions the association of the state with the forests. It has 29.76% forest cover, spread over 23,721 sq km; 32 indigenous communities classified as Scheduled Tribes (STs) make up one-fourth (26%) of the state’s population; 13 districts are fully covered & three are partially covered under the Fifth Schedule Areas (FSAs). A third of Jharkhand’s population (31.6%) is urban, nearly half of which is concentrated in four cities—Bokaro, Dhanbad, Jamshedpur, and Ranchi (Census 2011).  The Jharkhand Definition of Local Persons & for Extending the Consequential Social, Cultural & Other Benefits Bill , 2022,  was passed on 11 November 2022, by the Jharkhand legislature.  As per the bill, a person can claim to be domicile of Jharkhand, if they can link their ancestry to the “1932 Khatiyan.”  Khatiyan is a record of rights, including land rights. Almost all the states have some domicile policies , to protect the in

The Brus, also known as Reangs, are spread across Tripura, Mizoram and southern Assam. In Mizoram, they are scattered in Kolasib, Lunglei and Mamit districts. While many Brus of Assam and Tripura are Hindu, the Brus of Mizoram converted to Christianity over the years.  The conflicts between the Brus and the local Bengali non-tribal people have started taking place in Tripura. In Mizoram, the Bru is called Vai, a term for non-Mizos, indicating they are ethnically and linguistically different from Mizos.  Due to the fear that non-locals will take over their land and its politics, clashes between communities in Northeast India are common conflict ensued between the Mizos and the Brus in 1995.  Mizo organisations demanded the removal of Brus from the state’s electoral roll, claiming that the Brus are not indigenous to the state. But the successive governments didn’t agree to their demand, and soon an armed organisation called the Bru National Liberation Front (BNLF) was formed.  This led t

Gender inequalities persist in all areas of social and economic life. Gender budgeting is an important public governance tool that governments can use to assess how budget decisions impact gender equality.  When implemented effectively, gender budgeting helps expose how gender inequalities may have inadvertently become embedded in public policies and the allocation of resources and promotes budget measures that will be effective at closing gender gaps. It is popularly called as, Gender Sensitive Budgeting (GSB) and Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB). In case of EU budget processes ,  it means, the full integration of gender perspectives at all stages of budgeting and planning processes. Practical steps to this end include: 1)A gender-based assessment to take stock of, and make visible, the gendered impacts of budgets – such a gender budget analysis is the starting point for all gender budgeting work. 2)Promoting changes to advance gender equality based on the results of the gender budge